Skip to main content

Table 1 PICO elements of the systematic review

From: Socioeconomic and environmental effects of China’s Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program after 15 years: a systematic review protocol

Population(s)

Intervention(s)

Comparator(s)

Outcome(s)

CCFP households and their individual members

CCFP (subsidies , skill-training, and enforcement with field checks

Non-participant households, households prior to CCFP implementation

Socioeconomic outcomes (changes in households’ income structure, migration, etc.)

CCFP enrolled lands (cropland/wasteland/ecological trees/economic trees)

CCFP (subsidies , skill-training, and enforcement with field checks

Non-enrolled sloping lands, lands prior to CCFP implementation

Environmental outcomes (changes in water discharge, soil erosion, flood risk, local biodiversity, etc.)