What are the effects of nature conservation on human well-being? A systematic map of empirical evidence from developing countries

Table 1 Categories and subcategories of nature conservation interventions

Category	Code	Subcategory
Land/water protection	PA1	Site or area protection
Land/water management	LM1	Site management
	LM2	Invasive species control
	LM3	Restoration
Resource management	RM1	Resource management
Species management	SM1	Species management
	SM2	Species recovery
	SM3	Species re-introduction
Education and awareness	E1	Formal education
	E2	Training
	E3	Awareness and communications
Law and policy	LP1	Legislation
	LP2	Policies and regulations
	LP3	Private sector standards and codes
	LP4	Compliance and enforcement
Economic, livelihoods and other incentives	EL1	Linked enterprises and livelihood alternatives
	EL2	Substitution
	EL3	Market forces
	EL4	Conservation payments
	EL5	Non-monetary values
External capacity building	CB1	Institutional and civil society development
	CB1	Alliance and partnership development
	CB1	Conservation finance

Intervention framework adapted from the IUCN-CMP classification of conservation actions [41]

ISSN: 2047-2382