Table 4 Eligibility criteria to select articles to include in the systematic map
Criterion | Screening step | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
Population | Title | Articles whose title deals with biodiversity, i.e., species, habitats, and/or ecosystems in marine environments. Non-exhaustive examples may include open-ocean, continental shelf, coastal areas, seagrass meadows, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, etc | Articles whose title explicitly only refers to terrestrial and/or freshwater biodiversity, species, habitats or ecosystems, i.e., articles regarding exclusively aquatic species and habitats (e.g., lakes, floodplains, rivers, subterranean habitats, etc.) or to terrestrial species and habitats (e.g., forest, agricultural ecosystems, etc.) |
Outcomes | Title | Articles dealing with marine ecosystem services (as well as related terms such as “nature’s contributions to people”). (e.g., blue carbon sequestration, snorkelling, whale watching) Articles dealing with the marine ecosystem service of food supply in terms of indicators of stock or population size of commercial species (e.g., fishery stock) | Articles dealing solely with function or structure processes and not related to effects on ecosystem services (e.g., primary production, photosynthesis) Studies only addressing species criteria with indicators other than the stock or the population size of the species (e.g., species distribution) |
Exposure | Abstract | Any article or study exposing marine biodiversity, i.e., species, habitats, and ecosystems, to a change in structure and/functioning over time caused by an agent of change, i.e., human activity (e.g., direct/overexploitation, land/sea use change, etc.) or a change caused by different spatial areas studied | Articles presenting no exposure to a change |
Comparator | Abstract | Articles studying changes in ecosystem services through time or space (i.e., temporal or spatial comparisons). This may mean a different study type as detailed in Table 2. Accepted with synchronic comparators (same time, different sites) | Articles only assessing ecosystem services at one time or in one site/area |
Temporal period | Abstract | Articles analysing relevant outcomes with data covering periods of at least part of the twentieth century and/or the twenty-first century | Articles analysing data covering periods ending before 1900 (e.g., palaeoecology analysis) |
Outcomes | Full text | Articles analysing relevant outcomes containing qualitative or quantitative values of marine ecosystem services and disservices | Articles without qualitative or quantitative values of marine ecosystem services and disservices (e.g., narrative review, opinion paper, policy paper without new quantitative or qualitative values defined) |