Table 1 Search methodology in databases

Population

Water OR “water treatment plant” OR “water purification”

AND

 Intervention/exposure

“Reverse osmosis” OR “RO” OR desalination OR “life cycle assessment” OR LCA

AND

 Outcome

“Carbon footprint” OR “carbon emission*” OR “greenhouse gas emission*” OR “CO₂ emission*” OR “carbon dioxide” OR “CO₂”