Table 2 PECO and PICO elements of the systematic review
Population (Q1–Q6) | All vascular plant species (except strictly aquatic plants) and communities |
|---|---|
Exposure (Q2–Q4–Q6) | LTI verges; i.e. road, railway, powerline or pipeline verges and waterway banks. Regarding the latter, as our systematic review focused on LTIs, we only considered navigable waterways (navigable rivers and canals) as relevant exposures |
Comparator (Q2–Q4–Q6) | Temporal and/or spatial comparators, including but not restricted to habitat present before versus after infrastructure construction (LTI verge creation), LTI verge versus nearby similar habitat away from LTIs |
Intervention (Q1–Q3–Q5) | Management practices (e.g. mowing) or human-induced disturbances (e.g. waterway channelization) on LTI verges |
Comparator (Q1–Q3–Q5) | Temporal and/or spatial comparators, including but not restricted to LTI verge before versus after management intervention, LTI verge managed with one practice versus unmanaged LTI verge or LTI verge managed with a different practice |
Outcomes (Q1–Q6) | All outcomes relating to species presence, reproduction or dispersal, including but not restricted to species richness, abundance, community composition, reproductive indicators and species dispersal |