Table 3 Search term scoping and evolution and search string

1. Topic=(climat* change OR "global warming" OR climat* variability OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR flood OR tsunami OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR rain* OR erosion OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature) AND Topic=("ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR "natural capital" OR "natural resources" OR "natural infrastructure" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "ecosystem goods" OR ecosystem OR vegetation OR wetland OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR "sea grass" OR watershed) AND Topic=(people OR society OR community OR city OR settlement OR social OR population OR livelihood* OR sector OR forestry OR water OR fishing OR dryland OR agricultur* OR poverty OR village OR rural OR household OR farmer) AND Topic=(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR disaster risk reduction OR "risk mitigation" OR "risk management" OR resilie* OR manag* OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation")

a) 33223

b) Refined by: Subject Areas=(ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ECOLOGY OR AGRICULTURE OR WATER RESOURCES OR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OR FORESTRY OR ENGINEERING OR SOCIAL SCIENCES OTHER TOPICS)

b) 24331

2. Topic=("climat* change" OR "global warming" OR "climat* variability" OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR tsunami OR flood* OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR erosion OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature OR “rainfall variability”) AND Topic=("natural capital" OR "ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR vegetation OR "natural infrastructure" OR "ecosystem goods" OR ecosystem OR wetland OR "natural resources" OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR tree OR "sea grass" OR watershed) AND Topic=(people OR society OR community OR city OR population OR livelihood OR sector OR forestry OR “water sector” OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting" OR fishing OR agricultur* OR village OR rural OR farmer) AND Topic=(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR "sustainable management" OR protect* OR "disaster risk reduction" OR mitigation OR "risk management" OR resilie* OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation")

a) 14928

b) Took out rain* - replaced with “rainfall variability”

b) 10630

Took out water – replaced with “water sector” OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting"

4. Topic=("climat* change" OR "global warming" OR "climat* variability" OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR tsunami OR flood OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR erosion OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature) AND Topic=("natural capital" OR "ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR vegetation OR "natural infrastructure" OR "ecosystem goods" OR ecosystem OR wetland OR "natural resources" OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR tree OR "sea grass" OR watershed) AND Topic=(people OR society OR community OR city OR population OR livelihood OR sector OR forestry OR "water sector" OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting" OR agroforestry OR fisheries OR agricultur* OR village OR rural OR farmer) AND Topic=(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR "sustainable management" OR protect* OR "disaster risk reduction" OR mitigation OR "risk management" OR resilie* OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation")

a) 14048

b) Added AND NOT Topic=(biofuel OR "carbon stock*" OR (stock AND carbon) OR "renewable energy" OR bioenergy OR "alternative fuel" OR emissions)

AND NOT Topic=(biofuel OR "carbon stock*" OR (stock AND carbon) OR "renewable energy" OR bioenergy OR "alternative fuel" OR emissions)

b) 9952

5. Topic=("climat* change" OR "global warming" OR "climat* variability" OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR tsunami OR flood* OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR (climate AND fire) OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature OR "rainfall variability") AND Topic=("natural capital" OR "ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR vegetation OR "natural infrastructure" OR (river AND flood* OR drought) OR ecosystem OR wetland OR "natural resources" OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR tree OR "sea grass" OR watershed OR mountain) AND Topic=(people OR society OR community OR city OR population OR livelihood OR sector OR forestry OR "water sector" OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting" OR agroforestry OR fisheries OR agricultur* OR village OR rural OR farmer) AND Topic=(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR "sustainable management" OR protect* OR "disaster risk reduction" OR mitigation OR "risk management" OR resilie* OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation") NOT Topic=(biofuel OR "carbon stock*" OR (stock AND carbon) OR "renewable energy" OR bioenergy OR "alternative fuel" OR emissions)

a) 16206

b) Took out ‘erosion’ – too broad, hopefully captured by ‘mudslides’ and ‘landslides’ search terms.

b) 11110

Added fire term (fire AND climate) as a climate term otherwise wildfires related to increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation may not be included in search results.

Took out “ecosystem goods” as this term refers to the outcomes of the management of ecosystem services rather than the object of management and disparate compared with the list.

Added other habitat types that were otherwise missing but made more specific ‘mountain’ OR (river AND flood* OR drought)

6. Topic=("climat* change" OR "global warming" OR "climat* variability" OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR (climate AND fire) OR tsunami OR flood* OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature OR "rainfall variability") AND Topic=("natural capital" OR "ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR vegetation OR "natural infrastructure" OR ecosystem OR wetland OR (river AND flood* OR drought) OR "natural resource*" OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR tree OR "sea grass" OR watershed OR mountain) AND Topic=(people OR "human population" OR livelihood OR sector OR forestry OR "water sector" OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting" OR agroforestry OR agricultur* OR village OR rural OR urban OR farmer) AND Topic=(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR resilie* OR "sustainable management" OR "environment* management" OR "ecosystem-based management" OR "ecosystem based management" OR (disaster AND reduction) OR (climate OR risk AND mitigation) OR "risk management" OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation") NOT Topic=(biofuel OR "carbon stock*" OR (stock AND carbon) OR "renewable energy" OR bioenergy OR "alternative fuel" OR emissions)

a) 8275

Took out fisheries – too broad, communities undertaking ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation that improve the resilience of their fishing stocks should be captured by other search terms such as ‘wetland’, ‘coral reef’, ‘ecosystem services’, and ‘natural resource’, otherwise returning search results that include papers on specific fisheries important species, and climatic impacts on fisheries.

b) 5682

Replaced city with urban because the term ‘city’ was picking up specific places (ending up with more spurious entries) ather than the urban environment.

Took out community as it was causing confusion with the likes of ‘communities of species’.

Replaced population with “human population” as it was causing confusion with the likes of ‘genetic populations’ and ‘populations of species’

7. ABS("climat* change" OR "global warming" OR "climat* variability" OR "climate hazard" OR "extreme weather" OR "natural hazard" OR disaster OR (climate AND fire) OR tsunami OR flood* OR drought OR hurricane OR storm OR cyclone OR "sea level rise" OR mudslides OR landslides OR precipitation OR temperature OR "rainfall variability")

3565

Scopus search

AND ABS("natural capital" OR "ecosystem services" OR "green infrastructure" OR "ecological infrastructure" OR "soft infrastructure" OR vegetation OR "natural infrastructure" OR ecosystem OR wetland OR (river AND flood* OR drought) OR "natural resource*" OR forest OR woodland OR dryland OR grassland OR "coral reef" OR biodiversity OR coast* OR mangrove OR tree OR "sea grass" OR watershed OR mountain)

AND ABS(people OR "human population" OR livelihood OR sector OR forestry OR "water sector" OR "water management" OR "rainwater harvesting" OR agroforestry OR agricultur* OR village OR rural OR urban OR farmer)

AND ABS(adapt* OR vulnerab* OR cop* OR resilie* OR "sustainable management" OR "environment* management" OR "ecosystem-based management" OR "ecosystem based management" OR (disaster AND reduction) OR (climate OR risk AND mitigation) OR "risk management" OR "ecosystem-based adaptation" OR "ecosystem approach" OR "natural resource management" OR "ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation" OR "ecosystem-based approaches for adaptation")

AND NOT ABS(biofuel OR "carbon stock*" OR (stock AND carbon) OR "renewable energy" OR bioenergy OR "alternative fuel" OR emissions)

AND (LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"ENVI" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"EART" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"AGRI" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"SOCI" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"ENGI" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"ENER" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"ECON" ) OR LIMIT-TO(SUBJAREA,"MULT" ))