Table 2 Summary statistics for all independent and dependent variables for raw data before imputing missing values
National context | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Min | Max | Mean (SD) | Â | NA |
Governance | −2.32 | 2.93 | 0.001 (1.01) | -- | 9 |
Rights | −1.01 | 2.68 | 0.01 (1.01) | -- | 0 |
HDI | 0.26 | 0.87 | 0.61 (0.14) | -- | 7 |
Gini | 29.80 | 70.70 | 45.93 (8.73) | -- | 9 |
Project Design (number of responses for each coding category) | |||||
Impetus | No community 98 | -- | Joint/Complete community 29 | -- | NA 9 |
Establishment | No community 51 | Some community 43 | Joint/Complete community 32 | -- | 10 |
Decision-making | No community 22 | Some community 45 | Joint/Complete community 65 | -- | 4 |
Approach local culture | Conflict 16 | Mixed 21 | Engaged 48 | -- | 51 |
Approach local institutions | Conflict 11 | Mixed 15 | Engaged 56 | -- | 54 |
Protectionism | SNR/NP 43 | Other/no park 57 | -- | -- | 36 |
Resource use | Protected 42 | Regulated 75 | Unregulated 6 | -- | 13 |
Intervention benefits | Ecotourism 37 | CBC 21 | Compensation/ substitution 53 | Enhancement 24 | 1 |
Elite capture | Yes 31 | No 104 | -- | -- | 1 |
Benefit distribution | Yes 49 | No 87 | -- | -- | 0 |
Social capital | No 92 | Yes 44 | -- | -- | 0 |
Capacity skill | No 65 | Yes 66 | -- | -- | 5 |
Capacity institutions | No 92 | Yes 44 | -- | -- | 0 |
Environmental education | No 80 | Yes 54 | -- | -- | 2 |
Community characteristics (number of responses for each coding category) | |||||
Market integration | Low 24 | Moderate 49 | High 28 | -- | 35 |
Threat | Low 13 | Moderate 30 | High 45 | -- | 48 |
Supportive local culture | Unsupportive 19 | Mixed 32 | Supportive 29 | -- | 56 |
Effective local government | Ineffective 18 | Mixed 26 | Effective 39 | -- | 53 |
Tenure | No community 30 | Mixed 49 | Total community 41 | -- | 16 |
Charisma | No 116 | Yes 20 | -- | -- | 0 |
Ethnic heterogeneity | Low 46 | High 43 | -- | -- | 47 |
Population | High 22 | Mod 33 | Low 47 | -- | 4 |
Controls | |||||
Ecoregion status | Critically endangered 60 | Vulnerable 39 | Relatively stable 14 | -- | 23 |
Author discipline | Biological Sci. 17 | Interdisciplinary 17 | NGO 38 | Social Sci. 35 | 29 |
Years project running | Min 0 | Max 28 | Mean (st. dev.) 7.68 (5.10) | -- | 10 |
Outcomes (number of responses for each coding category) | |||||
| Â | Success | Limited Success | Failure | Â | Â |
Attitudinal | 39 | 33 | 23 | -- | 41 |
Behavioral | 44 | 26 | 31 | -- | 36 |
Ecological | 45 | 13 | 19 | -- | 59 |
Economic | 29 | 36 | 53 | -- | 18 |