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Table 1 Susceptibility to bias of the evidence on included biomanipulations

From: What is the influence of a reduction of planktivorous and benthivorous fish on water quality in temperate eutrophic lakes? A systematic review

 

No. of cases

Low

53

Medium due to confounding interventions or disturbances

31

Medium due to insufficient data on potential effect modifiers

13

Medium due to absence of useful data on within-year water-quality variation

43

Medium since the lake consisted of multiple basins with different interventions or water quality

6

  1. The evidence on some biomanipulations has medium susceptibility to bias based on more than one of the quality criteria.