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Table 5 The number of projects using different types of alternative livelihood interventions

From: Are alternative livelihood projects effective at reducing local threats to specified elements of biodiversity and/or improving or maintaining the conservation status of those elements?

Types of intervention combinations

Map

Review

Project examples

Alternative occupation only

73

15

Network of Locally Managed Marine Protected Areas, Solomon Islands

Alternative occupation: thee establishment of alternative income generating projects including beekeeping, ecotourism, clam and coral farming and coconut oil press

Alternative resource only

8

2

Turtle conservation, Indonesia

Alternative resource: Introduction of pig breeding as a replacement for turtle meat

Alternative methods only

9

4

The ProNaturaleza Project, Peru

Alternative method: Introduction of new method to sustainably harvest fruits by climbing, rather than felling Moriche palms

Alternative occupation + alternative resource

9

1

Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal

Alternative occupation: Promotion of alternative income generating activities through micro-credit schemes

Alternative resource: Adoption of alternative energy such as biogas, improved cook stoves, bio-briquette

Alternative occupation + Alternative methods

1

0

Mananara Project, Madagascar

Alternative occupation: Introduction of animal rearing and beekeeping

Alternative method: Introduction of alternative fishing methods

Alternative resource + Alternative methods

2

0

CARE Fishing Villages Project, Uganda

Alternative resource: Planting woodlots which can then be harvested to offset wood demand from within the park

Alternative method: Fish smoking kilns to reduce demands for firewood

All three interventions

4

0

India Ecodevelopment Project—Buza Tiger Reserve

Alternative occupation: Promotion of income augmenting alternatives (e.g. bamboo weaving, poultry, pig and goat rearing, loans for training to support self-employment initiatives such as tailoring, sale of horticulture-vegetable or other minor forest products)

Alternative resource: Plantation of fast growing fuelwood species outside the protected area, Alternative method: distribution of smokeless stoves to village communities