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Table 4 Type of extracted data (underscored parameters were recorded for all included studies)

From: How effective are created or restored freshwater wetlands for nitrogen and phosphorus removal? A systematic review

Loading characteristics

Wetland characteristics

Climate characteristics

Study design parameters

Results

Type of water

Type of wetland

Annual mean air temperature b

Study length

Annual average removal rates (g m−2 year−1)

Concentrations of TN and/or TP at inlet

Length, width, depth

Annual mean water temperature

Number of replicates

Annual average removal efficiency (% of load)

Speciation of N and/or P at inlet

Area

Ice coverage

Sampling frequency

Variance of annual removal rate

Average nutrient loading rates

Hydroperiod (d year −1)

GPS coordinates

Flow proportional sampling (Y/N)

Variance of annual removal efficiency

Average hydraulic loading rates

Dominant plant species and coverage

Climate type c

  

Average residence time (d)

Sediment/soil type

   

Hydrologic regime

Land use history and wetland age

   

pH

O2 concentration and redox potential

   
 

Fauna

   
 

Management methods

   
 

Main purpose of wetland

   
 

Other characteristicsa

   
  1. aExamples are, e.g., specific substrates, soil amendments, configuration of multiple wetlands, or other means of enhancing the outcome
  2. bExtracted from WorldClim database (http://www.worldclim.org/)
  3. cAccording to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. This type of data was in most cases not provided by the primary studies and was therefore extracted from the map database referred to by [26]