Table 3 Main variables extracted on research methods, environmental context, regime description and environmental outcomes
From: What are the environmental impacts of property rights regimes in forests, fisheries and rangelands?
Research methods | |
Study discipline | Social sciences, natural sciences or mixed |
Study years | Year(s) when environmental data was collected |
Environmental context | |
Resource system | Forests, fisheries or rangelands |
Location | Country and region as defined by UN statistics |
Regime description | |
Distribution of bundle of rights (de jure) | Rights were noted as belonging to state, community and/or private. If a particular right was not described, it was noted as undefined |
Rights were defined as de jure when this was explicitly mentioned by authors. For example for community regimes, this required that the article mentioned specific rules and laws, formal state recognition for devolution of rights or decentralization | |
Distribution of bundle of rights (de facto) | Rights were noted as state, community, private, open access or undefined |
Rights were defined as de facto if there was no explicit reference to formal rules or regulations. For example, if the article referred to communal lands or discussed community management, the rights were defined as de facto | |
Nature of the regime de jure and de facto (based on bundle distribution) | State regime: state holds the rights |
Private regime: Individual or “legal individual” holds rights | |
Community regime: group members hold rights (e.g. community) | |
Mixed regime: Regime where withdrawal, management or exclusion rights are shared. We did not use alienation right as an important determinant because very few articles had information on alienation | |
Open access: everyone can access or withdraw resources. Open access was only used as de facto-regime | |
Objective of the regime | Stated objective of the regime |
Regime intervention year | Year(s) when intervention took place |
Environmental outcomes | |
Environmental measures and indicators used in the study | Specific measurements and indicators used to describe environmental outcomes |
Environmental outcomes as stated by authors | Reported study results on biological outcomes |
Study conclusions on biological outcomes | |
Review team assessment of the environmental outcomes | For before-after comparison: negative or positive compared to baseline measurement. If there was no change observed compared to before, change was neutral. If the main direction of the results could not be determined (e.g. both significant positive and negative changes occurred), the outcome was noted as undetermined |
For case–control comparison: better, worse or similar (neutral) compared to comparison regime. If the direction of the results could not be determined (e.g. both significant positive and negative changes occurred), the outcomes were noted as undetermined | |
BACI study: a combination of the previous two | |