How are biodiversity and dispersal of species affected by the management of roadsides? A systematic map

Table 2 Combinations of interventions and organism groups studied (No. of studies)

Intervention	Organism group
Intervention	Graminoids	Herbs/forbs	Woody plants	Bryophytes	Lichens	Fungi	Mammals	Birds	Reptiles	Insects	Other arthropods	Other invertebrates	Bacteria	All species
Vegetation disturbance
Mowing	54	61	28	1	0	1	5	7	0	12	1	1	0	85
Pruning	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Removal of shrubs/saplings	2	3	4	0	0	0	3	2	1	1	0	1	0	9
Grazing	3	3	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
Burning	11	12	4	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	14
Heating	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Herbicide use	67	72	21	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	86
Biological amendment
Sowing	63	76	21	2	1	0	0	1	0	3	0	1	3	86
Planting	11	12	10	1	1	0	0	2	1	1	0	0	0	19
Mycorrhizal treatment	4	2	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7
Soil amendment
Fertiliser addition	31	31	13	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	39
Liming	9	17	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18
Topsoiling	11	11	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11
Mulching or compost application	32	33	17	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	41
Use of erosion-control mats/blankets	11	10	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	11
Irrigation	6	5	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	7
Soil cultivation (e.g. tillage)	13	19	6	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	23
Ditching or ditch maintenance	3	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
Control of invasive/nuisance species	43	52	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	61
Other interventions	5	6	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	11
All interventions	207	232	105	5	2	2	5	10	1	17	1	2	3

Some of the studies appear more than once in the table, since they covered multiple interventions and/or groups of organisms

ISSN: 2047-2382