GMO impact area | Research question | SR/SM | Ref.a |
---|---|---|---|
Health | What are the characteristics of comparative studies of assessment of key chemical crop constituents in GM crops compared to non‐GM crops? | SM | b |
What evidence has been collected on the potential toxicity of newly proteins in experimental animals, and what were the characteristics of these studies? | SM | b | |
What is the evidence for a changed risk of allergic reactions to an allergenic crop after it has been genetically modified? | SM | b | |
What are the characteristics of repeated‐dose feeding studies with experimental animals receiving whole food or feed products derived from genetically modified (GM) crops and non‐GM counterpart as a control focusing on potential health impacts other than performance? | SM | b | |
Environmental | Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? | SR | [25] |
What are the effects of the cultivation of GM herbicide tolerant crops on botanical diversity? | SR | [26] | |
Are population abundances and biomasses of soil invertebrates changed by Bt crops compared with conventional crops? | SR | [27] | |
Are soil microbial endpoints changed by Bt crops compared with conventional crops? | SR | [28] | |
How susceptible are different lepidopteran/coleopteran maize pests to Bt-proteins? | SR | ||
What is the evidence on the inheritance of resistance alleles in populations of lepidopteran/coleopteran maize pest species? | SM | [30] | |
Socio-economic | What are the socio-economic impacts of genetically modified crops worldwide? | SM | [31] |
What is the impact of trade restrictions of GM products in different countries on the competitiveness of different partner countries and corresponding sectors in comparison to a situation where there are no restrictions on GM trade? | SR | c | |
What is the impact of the introduction of GM crops on the welfare effects in different countries in comparison to a situation where there are restrictions on GM cultivation? | SR | c | |
What is the impact on GM regulation of different political actors and other drivers in the EU in comparison to the situation in the US? | SM | c |