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Fig. 3 | Environmental Evidence

Fig. 3

From: How does roadside vegetation management affect the diversity of vascular plants and invertebrates? A systematic review

Fig. 3

Mean effect ratios of mowing regimes on abundance of forbs, graminoids and woody plants. Means and 95% CI are indicated by squares and lines, respectively. Diversity is measured as Shannon index (H’), and all data are based on unweighted t tests. When we analysed the abundance of forbs and graminoids, we also included data on vegetation reported by study authors as herbaceous broadleaves and grasses, respectively. Left columns specify mowing frequency (1–3 per year), hay removal (Y/N) and timing of mowing (E = early, L = late, S = several). Data are divided into effects of mowing vs. no mowing (black squares) and frequency of mowing (blue) (there were not sufficient data for analysing effects of timing of mowing and hay removal), with overall comparisons (averaging across other elements of the mowing regime) in grey rows. Number of datasets used to calculate each mean effect ratio is given in brackets. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) indicated by a * next to the number of studies

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