Table 7 Summary of main results of meta-analyses
Outcome and included studies/moderators | Unmoderated model outputs | Significance of moderator (QM test of moderators and p-value) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary effect size | CI (lower) | CI (upper) | p-value | Burn frequency | Time since burn | Forest type | Burn season | Climate zone | |
1. Vascular plant richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 63) | 0.397 | 0.049 | 0.744 | 0.025* | QM1 = 1.231 p = 0.267 | QM1 = 1.105 p = 0.293 | QM2 = 5.598 p = 0.061 | QM3 = 1.827 p = 0.609 | QM6 = 6.003 p = 0.423 |
 High validity studies only (n = 11) | 0.143 | − 0.184 | 0.377 | 0.500 | – | – | – | – | – |
2. Non-native vascular plant richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 10) | 0.386 | 0.154 | 0.619 | 0.001* | QM§ = 0.003 p = 0.958 | QM1 = 0.001 p = 0.975 | NR, all studies coniferous | QM2 = 2.232 p = 0.328 | QM4 = 2.287 p = 0.683 |
 High validity studies only (n = 4) | 0.317 | 0.042 | 0.591 | 0.024* | – | – | – | – | – |
3. Herbaceous plant richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 22) | 0.357 | − 0.176 | 0.891 | 0.189 | QM1 = 0.350 p = 0.554 | QM1 = 4.619 p = 0.032* | QM2 = 10.167 p = 0.006* | QM3 = 2.614 p = 0.455 | QM3 = 15.434 p = 0.002* |
 Forest type: Broadleaf (n = 9) | 0.956 | 0.495 | 1.417 | < 0.001* | – | – | – | – | – |
 Forest type: Coniferous (n = 10) | 0.372 | − 0.270 | 1.014 | 0.256 | – | – | – | – | – |
Forest type: mixed (n = 3) | NR, only 3 comparisons | – | – | – | – | – | |||
High validity studies only (n = 2) | NR, only 2 comparisons |  |  |  |  |  | |||
4. Woody plant richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 23) | − 0.253 | − 0.743 | 0.237 | 0.312 | QM1 = 0.023 p = 0.879 | QM1 = 0.138 p = 0.711 | QM2 = 0.107 p = 0.948 | QM3 = 3.465 p = 0.325 | QM3 = 0.474 p = 0.925 |
 High-validity studies only (n = 3) | NR, only 3 comparisons | – | – | – | – | – | |||
5. Tree richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 13) | − 1.035 | − 2.095 | 0.026 | 0.056 | QM1 = 0.404 p = 0.525 | QM1 = 0.583 p = 0.463 | QM2 = 1.023 p = 0.600 | QM2 = 0.958 p = 0.619 | QM1 = 0.866 p = 0.352 |
 High validity studies only (n = 1) | NR, only 1 comparison | – | – | – | – | – | |||
6. All vascular plant diversity | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 13) | − 0.065 | − 0.343 | 0.214 | 0.649 | QM1 = 0.692 p = 0.406 | QM1 = 0.303 p = 0.582 | QM2 = 1.132 p = 0.568 | QM2 = 3.620 p = 0.164 | QM6 = 3.857 p = 0.696 |
 High validity studies only (n = 4) | 0.055 | − 0.569 | 0.678 | 0.863 | – | – | – | – | – |
7. Fungal richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 5) | − 1.163 | − 2.420 | 0.095 | 0.070 | QM1 = 0.305 p = 0.581 | QM1 = 0.065 p = 0.800 | NR, all studies coniferous | QM1 = 0.008 p = 0.927 | QM2 = 0.497 p = 0.780 |
 High validity studies only (n = 3) | NR, only 3 comparisons | – | – | – | – | – | |||
8. Bird richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 6) | − 0.169 | − 0.695 | 0.356 | 0.528 | QM1 = 0.964 p = 0.326 | QM1 = 1.764 p = 0.184 | QM2 = 1.029 p = 0.598 | QM3 = 2.463 p = 0.482 | QM2 = 1.789 p = 0.409 |
 High validity studies only (n = 1) | NR, only 1 comparison | – | – | – | – | – | |||
9. Beetle richness | |||||||||
 Medium and high validity studies (n = 10) | 0.398 | − 0.097 | 0.892 | 0.115 | QM1 = 3.519 p = 0.061 | QM1 = 2.080 p = 0.149 | QM1 = 0.314 p = 0.575 | QM1 = 2.123 p = 0.145 | QM2 = 0.615 p = 0.735 |
 High validity studies only (n = 1) | NR, only 1 comparison | – | – | – | – | – | |||