Table 1 Variables extracted from the publications for the systematic map of arctic herbivory

Study ID

author_list

List of authors

P

title

Title of the publication

P

journal

Journal or publishing house

P

year

Year of publication

P

language

Language

P

evidence_point_ID

ID number that separates the different evidence points within the same publication

P

Study location

country

Country name, as specified by the authors

P

locality

Site name describing the locality, as specified in the study

P

coordinates_N and coordinates_E

Geographic coordinates as reported in the study. If needed, these can be obtained from figures or inferred from maps

P

year_start

Year when the study started, measuring both the plant and the herbivore parts

P

year_end

Year when the study finished, measuring both the plant and the herbivore parts. For studies spanning 1 year or less, start and end year will be the same

P

elevation

Elevation (meters above sea level) as reported by the authors

P

elevation_DEM

Elevation as extracted from a digital elevation model

D

Study type

study_design

Study design type; experimental, quasi-experimental/natural experiment, observational or modeling

C

experimental_design

For experimental, quasi-experimental, and some observational studies; how were the treatments and controls implemented? Before-after, control-impact, before-after-control-impact

C

study_method

Methodological approach; e.g. field, greenhouse, remote sensing

C

exposure_quantification

Approach used to create or assess the difference in herbivory (i.e. how are differences in exposure quantified). For example, exclosure, simulated herbivory, spatial contrast/gradient of herbivore abundance

C

additional_exposures

The other factor, if any, with which herbivory was contrasted/analysed. E.g. warming, snow manipulation

P

extent_of_spatial_scale

Size of the study area, i.e. the polygon that encompasses all the plots measuring a particular outcome

C

spatial_resolution_recorded

Spatial scale at which the outcome was measured

C

spatial_resolution_reported

Spatial scale at which the outcome is reported

C

extent_of_temporal_scale

Length of study

P

temporal_resolution

Interval between measurements, if regular and how long

C

redundancy

Is the data already reported in another study?

C

Population: plant

biological_organizational_level_recorded

Biological organization level at which the outcome was measured. Individual, population/species, group of species, or community

C

biological_organizational_level_reported

Biological organization level at which the outcome was reported. Individual, population/species, group of species, or community

C

Identity_of_biological_organization_unit

For individual and population categories in the biological organization level a species list, for groups of species and communities identity as reported by authors (e.g. tall shrub heath, deciduous shrubs)

P

management_plant

Management status of the targeted plant(s); e.g. fertilizing, managed grazing

P

conservation_plant

Conservation status of the targeted plant(s); e.g. red listed, no concern

P

Outcome: the outcome of herbivory on plant(s)

measured_response_variable

What was measured on the plants following exposure to herbivory? E.g. biomass, cover diversity

P/C

Exposure: herbivory

herbivore_identity

A species name or a species list, or other definition as given by the authors

P

herbivore_type

Herbivore functional group

C

herbivory_season

When herbivory happens (not when the measurement happens)

P

effect_type

Type of effect the herbivore has on target plants, as reported by authors. E.g. removal of plant parts, fertilizing

C

management_herbivore

Management status of the targeted herbivore(s); e.g. hunted, semi-domesticated

P/C

conservation_ herbivore

Conservation status of the targeted herbivore(s); e.g. red listed, no concern

C

Modifier: ecological context

management

Do the authors report any managed herbivores (including target herbivores) or managed plants being present?

C

management_study_area

Management status of the study area, e.g. historical, current

C

conservation_study_area

Conservation status of the study area, e.g. protected area, common habitat

distance_to_treeline

Distance to southern border of arctic subzone E

D

temperature_P

Temperature as reported in the study

P

temperature_measure

Type of temperature measure reported, e.g. mean annual temperature, average temperature of the warmest month…

P

precipitation_P

Precipitation (mm) as reported in the study

P

precipitation_measure

Type of precipitation measurement given, e.g. annual sum

P

climate_axis_1

First PCA axis describing climate based on WorldClim bioclimatic variables (mainly temperature)

D

climate_axis_2

Second PCA axis describing climate based on WorldClim bioclimatic variables (mainly precipitation)

D

climate_axis_3

Third PCA axis describing climate based on WorldClim bioclimatic variables (mainly variability)

D

growing_season_

Duration of growing season (days)

D

distance_from_coast

Distance from the coast (km)

D

bioclimatic_zone

Bioclimatic zone A to E, or outside the arctic as defined by the bioclimatic zonation

D

soil_type

Soil type class

D

productivity

Value of NDVI (vegetation greenness)

D

productivity_P

Productivity description as reported by the authors (e.g. high productivity habitats)

P

extent_of_recent_warming

Extent of last decades change in temperature

D

extent_of_recent_greening

Extent of last decades change in NDVI.

D

extent_of_recent_growing_season_change

Extent of last decades change in growing season length

herbivore_diversity

species richness of vertebrate herbivores

D

habitat_type_P

Habitat type as reported by the authors

P

habitat_type_C

Habitat type, collapsed to fewer categories after the habitat categories by authors have been recorded

C

disturbance

Disturbance that occurs in the study system and could impact the results/is discussed by the authors. E.g. fire, flooding, ice/winter damage

C

permafrost

Presence of permafrost

D

Additional information

food_web_context_other_herbivores

Is the presence of other herbivores in the study area described?

C

food_web_context_predators

Is the presence of predators in the study area described?

C

conservation_focus

Is the study framed within a conservation context (i.e. conservation aims are mentioned or not)?

C