Population (subject) | Intervention or practice | Comparators | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|
Farmers and/or farm land in high-income countries | Adoption or implementation of one or more of the defined agroforestry practices or interventions | Control site without agroforestry; or, before-after time-series comparison on same site | Positive, negative, or neutral effects on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, or human well-being |