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Table 7 Domains and definitions of human well-being outcomes, as presented in [15].

From: Evidence for the impacts of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in high-income countries: a systematic map protocol

Domain

Definition

Income and household expenditure

Total household income and expenditure, farm and non-farm income, employment, employment opportunities, wealth, poverty, savings, payments, loans

Housing and material assets

Shelter, assets owned, access and availability of fuel and basic infrastructure (electricity, water, telecommunications and transportation)

Food security and nutrition

Physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO). Usually measured using food consumption, expenditure, prevalence of undernourishment and nutritional status

Health

Physical health, longevity/life expectancy, maternal health, child health, access to health care, occurrence of diseases, mental health

Cultural and subjective well-being

Measures of happiness, quality of life, cultural, societal and traditional values of nature, sense of home, cultural identity and heritage, spiritual or religious beliefs and/or values

Other

E.g. informal education (i.e. transfer of knowledge and skills); social relations (i.e. interactions between individuals and within and/or between groups); governance (i.e. structures and processes for decision making including both formal and informal rules); land and resource security; freedom of choice and action (i.e. ability to pursue what one values doing and being); adaptive capacity and resilience (i.e. ability to cope with perturbations and take advantage of new opportunities due to social and environmental change, especially climate impacts)