Table 1 Components of the systematic map

Exposure

All anthropogenic noises (e.g. traffic noise, urban noises, aircraft, industry, ships, etc.) in all environments and media (terrestrial, aquatic, aerial), for all contexts and origins of the noise (spontaneous or recorded, in situ or in laboratory, etc.) and for all types of sound (including ultrasounds, infrasounds, etc.)

Comparator

Conditions before and after exposure to noise (temporal comparator) or ecosystems exposed and not exposed to noise (spatial comparator)

Outcomes

All outcomes related to the studied population, including but not restricted to biology/physiology (e.g. heart rate), use of space (e.g. species distribution, individual movements), intra- and interspecific communication (e.g. song frequencies), species reproduction, ecosystem composition (e.g. species richness, abundance)