Table 3 Inclusion criteria

Eligible populations

Animals of conservation concern, including both vertebrates and invertebrates

Eligible interventions

Acoustic playback(s) of conspecifics and/or heterospecifics (e.g., broadcast of bird song recording)

Eligible comparators

No playback (CI) or to a time when no playback was used (BA) or both (BACI)

Eligible outcomes

Quantitative measurement of at least one of the following during the study attempt: successful capture of the target animals at the target location, occupation of the target animal at the target location, breeding of the target animal at the target location, establishment of nests, burrows, or territories by the target animal at the target location. For studies not related to the capture of animals, the outcome must include a target location that this different than where the target animal currently occupies and/or uses (for example, as temporary breeding ground)