Factors under consideration | Low bias | Medium bias | High bias |
---|---|---|---|
Study type | Experimental | Observational | |
Study design | BACI | CI | BA |
Study plots | Homogeneous in size and habitat | Homogeneous in size or habitat | Not homogeneous in size or habitat |
Replication | > 3 replicates | 2–3 replicates | < 2 replicates |
Duration of studya | > 1 year; multiple breeding seasons | < 1 year; longer than one breeding season | One breeding season |
Account for confounding variables | Yes | Somewhat | No |
Methodologyb | |||
Statistical analysesb |