Table 4 Variables that will be extracted as meta-data (descriptive information) and codes during systematic mapping

Study country/region

Country/region in which study was undertaken (region applicable for Canadian province or Russian Districts)

Coding

Study location

Short textual description of study location

Meta-data

Latitude

Study location latitude as quoted in the report (or obtained from nearest named location)

Meta-data

Longitude

Study location longitude as quoted in the report (or obtained from nearest named location)

Meta-data

Köppen-Geiger climate zone

Study location climate zone according to Kottek et al. [43]

Coding

Mine type

Surface mining, underground mining, highwall mining

Coding

Mine description

Short textual description (possibly a quotation, identified as such) of the type of mine investigated

Meta-data

Status of mine

Prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning, reopening, repurposing

Coding

Status of mine description

Short textual description (possibly a quotation, identified as such) of the status of the mine

Meta-data

Metal

Gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead

Coding

Intervention/exposure

Mining impacts/mitigation impacts

Coding

Intervention/exposure description

Short textual description (possibly a quotation, identified as such) of the mining or mitigation impact investigated

Meta-data

Timeframe of mining/mitigation impacts

Time since investigated activity began at time study was completed

Meta-data

Outcome

Social or ecological outcomes measured during the study, iterative cataloguing into distinct categories

Meta-data

Outcome description

Short textual description (possibly a quotation, identified as such) of the outcome measured

Meta-data

Outcome measurement method

Short textual description (possibly a quotation, identified as such) of the method of outcome measurement

Meta-data