| | Study validity |
|---|
| Low | Medium |
|---|
| Alone |
| Rock material |
| Gravel | 6 | 4 |
| Cobble | 14 | 9 |
| Sediment | 0 | 1 |
| Sediment trap | 1 | 1 |
| Gravel washing | 4 | 7 |
| Plant material |
| Brush | 4 | 0 |
| Log | 1 | 2 |
| Waterbody creation |
| Bay | 0 | 2 |
| Stream | 9 | 5 |
| Human-made structure |
| Structure | 3 | 2 |
| Waterbody modification |
| Excavate | 1 | 1 |
| Riparian | 1 | 0 |
| Combinations |
| Log + structure | 0 | 1 |
| Log + excavate | 0 | 1 |
| Riparian + vegetation | 0 | 1 |
| Cobble + sediment trap + gravel | 1 | 0 |
| Gravel + structure | 1 | 2 |
| Cobble + structure | 0 | 2 |
| Cobble + log | 2 | 2 |
| Cobble + nutrient + log | 0 | 1 |
| Cobble + gravel | 3 | 2 |
| Cobble + gravel + excavate | 0 | 1 |
| Cobble + gravel + log | 1 | 0 |
| Cobble + gravel + structure + log | 1 | 0 |
| Sediment trap + gravel + log | 3 | 3 |
| Log + gravel + structure | 0 | 1 |
