Table 3 Categories and subcategories of conservation interventions
Intervention category | Intervention definition | Intervention subcategory |
|---|---|---|
1. Land/Water Management | Actions directly managing or restoring sites, ecosystems and the wider environment | 1a. Site/Area Stewardship 1b. Restoration 1c. Ecosystem & Natural Process Management |
2. Species Management | Actions directly managing or restoring specific species or taxonomic groups | 2a. Habitat (seagrass, mangroves, coral reef) management 2b. Fisheries management 2c. Species stewardship 2d. Species Reintroduction and Translocation 2e. Ex-Situ Conservation |
3. Awareness Raising | Actions making people aware of key issues and/or feeling desired emotions, attitudes, opinion designed lead to behavior change | 3a. Outreach & Communications 3b. Protests & Civil Disobedience 3c. Political Lobbying and Campaigning |
4. Enforcement & Prosecution | Actions monitoring and enforcing compliance with existing laws and policies (including customary) at all levels to deter threats or compel conservation action | 4a. Monitoring/Detection 4b. Criminal Prosecution & Conviction 4c. Non-Criminal Legal Action 4d. Customary law/rule enforcement |
5. Livelihood, Economic, and other Incentives | Actions using livelihood, other economic and moral incentives to directly influence attitudes and behaviors | 5a. Linked Enterprises & Alternative Livelihoods 5b. Consumer or producer substitution, through technology or product innovation 5c. Corporate practices and engagement 5d. Market-Based Incentives 5e. Direct Economic Incentives 5f. Social and cultural values 5Â g. Agency incentives 5Â h. Resource use incentives |
6. Conservation Designation & Planning | Actions directly protecting sites and/or species | 6a. Protected Area Designation &/Or Acquisition 6b. Easements & Resource Rights 6c. Land/Water Use Zoning & Designation; marine spatial planning 6d. Conservation Planning 6e. Community based planning for resource management and conservation 6f. Site Infrastructure |
7. Legal & Policy Frameworks | Actions developing and influencing legislation, policies and voluntary standards affecting conservation | 7a. Laws, Regulations, & Codes 7b. Policies & Guidelines 7c. De jure property rights |
8. Research & Monitoring | Actions collecting data and transforming it into information to support conservation work | 8a. Basic Research & Status Monitoring 8b. Evaluation, Effectiveness Measures, & Learning |
9. Education & Training | Actions enhancing the knowledge and skills of specific individuals | 9a. Formal education 9b. Informal education 9c. Training |
10. Institutional/organizational development | Actions creating the formal institutions and organizations needed to support conservation work | 10a. Internal Organizational Management & Administration 10b. External Organizational Development & Support 10c. Alliance & Partnership Development 10d. Financing Conservation |