Fig. 9
Estimated mean effect sizes of the comparison of bird species richness between LTI verges and similar habitats away from LTIs, by LTI, with 95% confidence intervals. A positive effect size indicates that the species richness is higher in verges than in control sites. The thickness of the bars is proportional to the number of cases, which is indicated below each estimated mean with the corresponding number of studies in brackets. Estimated means statistically significantly different from zero (P-value < 0.05) are indicated by a star (*)