Population (P) | All plant and animal species of wild or captive source | |||
Intervention (I) | Type of interventions | Definition of interventions | Conservation aim of intervention | |
Introduction | This refers to the intentional manual transfer/movement and release of an organism outside of its indigenous range/historical distribution [12] | (i) Assisted migration: this refers to the intentional manual transfer/movement and release outside of the indigenous range, to primarily avoid extinction of populations of the focal species [12] | This occurs if the persistence of a species in its indigenous range is threatened from current or future impacts than at alternative sites [12] | |
(ii) Ecological replacement: This refers to the intentional manual transfer/movement and release of an organism outside its indigenous range/historical distribution, to perform a specific ecological function [12] | This is used to re-establish an ecological function lost through extinction; involving the most suitable existing sub-species, or a close relative of the extinct species [12] | |||
Reintroduction | This refers to the intentional manual transfer/movement and release of an organism inside its indigenous range/historical distribution but from which it has disappeared or become extinct locally, regionally, or otherwise (No conspecifics are present in situ) [12] | The conservation aim is to re-establish a viable population of the focal species within its historical range [12] | ||
Supplementation | This refers to the intentional manual transfer/movement and release of an organism into the existing distribution of a population of conspecifics [12] | The aim is to enhance and reinforce population viability e.g. by increasing population size, or by increasing genetic diversity [12] | ||
Comparator (C) | Studies will not be required stricto sensu to have a comparator. Although in certain cases the study design may translate as a time series comparison (before and after translocation) | |||
Outcomes (O) | All relevant outcomes related to the translocated population, including space use, demography, survival, reproduction, feeding, behaviour, genetics, and physiology (cf. Table 3 for full typology) | |||
Context (C)a | Type of protected areas | Definitions of protected areas | ||
Strict reserves for the protection of nature (Ia) | Areas set aside to strictly protect biodiversity where human visitation, use, and impacts are strongly limited [39] | |||
Wilderness areas (Ib) | Areas that are largely unmodified, retaining their natural character, and free of inappropriate or excessive human use or presence [39] | |||
National Parks (II) | Protected areas of large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes [39]. | |||
Natural monuments (III) | Protected areas set aside to protect a specific natural feature in the landscape [39]. | |||
Management areas (IV) | Specific protected areas that aim to safeguard a particular species or habitat. Consequently, the management reflects this priority [39] | |||
Protected landscapes (V) | A protected area where humans and nature together over time have produced an area of significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value [39] | |||
Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources (VI) | Protected areas which conserve ecosystems and habitats together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management and use [39] |