Table 1 Components of the systematic map

Population

All wild species (plants, animals, but excluding humans) and ecosystems

Exposure

All anthropogenic sounds (e.g. traffic, urban, aircraft, industry, ships, etc.) in all environments and media (terrestrial, aquatic), for all contexts and origins (spontaneous or recorded, in situ or in the lab, etc.) and for all types of sound (including ultrasounds, infrasounds, etc.)

Comparator

Conditions before and after exposure to sound (temporal comparator) or population exposed and not exposed to sound (spatial comparator)

Outcomes

All outcomes related to the studied population, including but not restricted to biology/physiology (e.g. heart rate), use of space (e.g. species distribution, individual movements), intra- and interspecific communication (e.g. song frequencies), species reproduction, ecosystem composition (e.g. species richness, abundance)