Table 1 Article eligibility criteria detailing inclusion and exclusion criteria, summarised from the protocol [18]

Intervention (exposure)

Study deals with one of the four key societal challenges: cost efficiency, governance in planning, environmental planning, acoustic environment—and involves implementation of NBS action linked to the four challenges

Study makes no explicit assessment of the four challenge and does not have any primary implementation of NBS action

Comparator

Study uses a comparator such as with/without, or before/after, or low/high access, to assess effectiveness of NBS action. This can be primary or secondary where source study and data is used

No comparator is provided in study of NBS action

Outcome

Study undertakes direct assessment of NBS action on positive or negative effects on domains of human wellbeing

Study does not undertake any assessment of NBS action on human wellbeing

Population (subject)l

Study assesses impacts on human wellbeing of human populations in OECD countries

Study does not have an OECD country human population focus