Table 2 Categories, descriptions and codes of NBS actions or interventions, utilised to code evidence, based on Cohen-Shacham et al. [1]
NBS action or intervention type | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
Ecosystem restoration approaches, focus on nature | Ecological restoration involving minimal intervention other than planting | NBS01 |
Ecological engineering involving significant human intervention e.g. plant trees to stabilise river banks | NBS02 | |
Issue-specific ecosystem-related approaches, focus on humans | Ecosystem-based adaptation to any issue | NBS03 |
Ecosystem-based mitigation to any issue | NBS04 | |
Infrastructure-related approaches | Natural infrastructure e.g. river, natural forest (minimal human intervention) | NBS05 |
Green engineered infrastructure e.g. green rooms, green walls, green roofs, parks | NBS06 | |
Blue engineered infrastructure e.g. ponds or wetlands for flood mitigation | NBS07 | |
Mixed natural/green/blue infrastructure | NBS08 | |
Ecosystem-based management approaches | Integrated man-modified and natural landscape management e.g. agricultural and semi-wild lands | NBS09 |
Integrated coastal zone management e.g. coast and estuaries | NBS10 | |
Integrated water resources management e.g. plant trees or place to reduce flow from source to sea | NBS11 | |
Ecosystem protection approaches | Area-based conservation approaches including protected area management | NBS12 |