Fig. 9

Summary flow chart of meta-analyses and results addressing our two main research questions and appropriate subsets (dashed boxes). Boxes indicate potential effect modifiers or subset categories under consideration. Grayed effect modifiers were associated with fish injury or mortality responses. Underlined value indicates statistically significant effect. Subset categories in red indicate an overall average increase in risk of fish injury or mortality with passage through/over hydroelectric infrastructure relative to controls; green indicates an overall average decrease in risk of fish injury or mortality with passage through/over hydroelectric infrastructure relative to controls. k: number of data sets (i.e., effect sizes); RR: mean effect size; CI: 95% confidence interval