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Table 9 Associations between moderators and effect sizes for the subset of studies for immediate fish mortality

From: What are the relative risks of mortality and injury for fish during downstream passage at hydroelectric dams in temperate regions? A systematic review

Moderator(s)

AICc

QE

QM

(A) All intervention types (k = 160)

 Null model

932.07

 Intervention type

919.29

11,376.37 (p < 0.0001)

14.27 (p = 0.007)

(B) Turbines (k = 118)

 Null model

724.52

 Site type + life stage

715.03

7408.31 (p < 0.0001)

7.60 (p = 0.055)

 Site type

717.75

7483.03 (p < 0.0001)

5.38 (p = 0.020)

 Life stage

722.01

7974.86 (p < 0.0001)

1.23 (p = 0.540)

(C) Turbine field studies (k = 69)

 Null model

363.78

 Turbine type

356.22

933.48 (p < 0.0001)

8.89 (p = 0.003)

(D) Kaplan turbines (k = 35)

 Null model

77.56

 Sampling method + Source

73.47

152.49 (p < 0.0001)

6.56 (p = 0.038)

 Source

74.16

360.16 (p < 0.0001)

5.79 (p = 0.016)

 Sampling method

77.34

153.07 (p < 0.0001)

0.22 (p = 0.636)

  1. k: number of data sets (i.e., effect sizes); Site type: lab or field; Life stage: Adult, Juvenile, or Mixed stages; Turbine type: Kaplan or Francis; Sampling method: recapture or telemetry methods; Source: hatchery or wild. Null model = random-effects (unmoderated) model