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Table 1 Examples of PICO/PECO components associated with our systematic map topic

From: Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map protocol

Population(s) [subject]

Intervention(s)/Exposure(s)

Comparator(s)

Outcome(s)

Any components of the marine ecosystem, including:

Ecosystem

Species

Functional guild

Communities/assemblages

Biogenic habitat (e.g. kelp)

Water column

Seabed

Humans

Geographical scope: global

Man-made structures in the sea—during their operation, alterations and any options for their decommissioning)

Over time (B/A)

Over space (C/I; inside/outside; control or reference site)

Over time and space (BACI)

Any aspects of the marine ecosystems, including (but not limited to):

Ecosystem functions

Ecosystem services (incl. social and economic outcomes where relevant)

Biological parameters

Ecological/community parameters

Habitat (type, quality, extent…)

Physical and geochemical parameters

Interconnections (larval flow, dispersal)