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Table 1 A summary of all indicators and sub-indicators in the TABF. From [30]

From: What evidence exists on the relationship between agricultural production and biodiversity in tropical rainforest areas? A systematic map protocol

Indicators

Definition

Sub-indicators

Elements

Tropical agricultural production base

Compulsory necessity for agricultural production, both abiotic and biotic factors

Edaphic and climatic factor

Water availability, soil type or texture, soil nutrient, soil organic matter, hot and humid environment, and precipitation

Genetic resources

Ecologically suitable seeds, quality of seeds, and crop life cycle

Management of agroecosystem

Either on-farm activities or intervention to manage biotic and abiotic factors in the agroecosystems

Habitat conversion to agricultural land

Primary tropical forest, and old-farmed or disturbed land

Farm management practices

Soil management (soil tillage, sowing, and fertilizer amendment), pest management (pest predator, insecticide, fungicide, and herbicide), water management (irrigation, rainfed, and retention basin)

Farming system

Monoculture and polyculture

Farming scale

Small scale (smallholder agriculture, garden, subsistence farming) and large scale (industrial agriculture)

Species influencing agricultural production

A range of organisms that interact directly with agricultural production

Aboveground biodiversity

Plants (including invasive species), animals, fungi, and microorganisms that contribute to ecosystem services and disservices

Soil biodiversity

Fungi, microorganisms, and invertebrates that contribute to ecosystem services and disservices

Wild species interactions in the agroecosystem

A range of organisms from surrounding ecosystems that utilize agroecosystem for multiple purposes

Human and wildlife interaction

Human and wildlife conflict, and illegal hunting

Chemical exposure in agroecosystems

Contamination, and eutrophication

Habitat change

Habitat fragmentation

Spatial and temporal use of wildlife in the agroecosystem

Nesting, migration, breeding, foraging, and passing by

Wild species and ecosystem functions in natural terrestrial ecosystems

A range of organisms in natural habitats and ecosystems functions around agricultural production areas affected by agricultural activities

Biodiversity

Forest animals, forest mammals, mammals (arboreal primates, big cats, raptors, insectivores, frugivores, and other groups of mammals), and birds (canopy bird, etc.)

  

Ecosystem functions

Microclimate, hydrological pattern