Table 1 Search substrings (shown as formatted for Web of Science)

A. Population terms

(WASH OR sanitation OR watsan OR ecosan OR toilet* OR latrine* OR urinal* OR urine OR feces OR faeces OR excreta OR excrement* OR “human waste” OR “human manure” OR humanure OR “night soil” OR “night-soil” OR yellowwater OR “yellow water” OR brownwater OR “brown water” OR blackwater OR “black water” OR septage OR sewage OR sewerage OR wastewater OR “waste water” OR digestate* OR effluent* OR sludge OR biosolid*)

B. Intervention terms: recovery terms

(recover* OR *circul* OR reus* OR recycl* OR fertili* OR fertigat* OR conditioner* OR amendment* OR agricultur* OR "land application*”)

C. Outcome terms

(organic* OR nutrient* OR nitrogen OR urea OR ammonia OR ammonium OR phosphorus OR phosphorous OR phosphate OR phosphoric OR potassium OR potash OR fertili* OR *char OR *compost OR ash* OR biomass OR struvite OR vivianite OR worm*)