Table 2 Description of the categories of exposure, outcome and type of study defined by the review team

Exposure:

 Undefined pollutants

Studies assessing the impact of human activities on corals without reference to a chemical

 Nutrient

 Eutrophication

Studies referring to eutrophication without information on the nutrients involved

 Metal

 Pesticide

Includes herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and biocides

 Hydrocarbon

Includes crude oil, petroleum, gasoline, diesel, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

 Dispersant

Chemicals used to disperse oil

 Detergent

 Microplastic

 Nanoparticle

 Pharmaceutical

 UV filter

 Other

Chemicals that could not be classified elsewhere

Outcome:

 Bioaccumulation

Chemical concentration in the coral

 BioaccumulationF

Chemical concentration in the coral when the chemical concentration in the environment is also known (allowing the calculation of a bioaccumulation factor)

 Bleaching

 Calcification

Calcification rate, skeletal structure, skeletal density

 Coral diversity

Taxa richness, diversity index, taxa composition

 Cover

 Disease

 Distribution

Spatial distribution, occurrence

 Genetic

Gene expression, population genetic structure

 Growth

Skeletal growth, tissue growth, linear extension rate

 Microbiome

Outcomes related to the density and characteristics of Symbiodiniaceae and other coral-associated microorganisms

 Mortality

 Physiology

Content in carbohydrate, lipid, protein or other biomolecule, enzyme activity, histology, metabolism, mucus production, photopigment concentration, photosynthesis efficiency and other parameters, respiration rates

 Recruitment

Settlement success, number of recruits

 Reproduction

Fertilisation success, embryo development, state of reproductive structure, planulation

 Other

Outcomes that could not be classified elsewhere (e.g. colour change, coral condition, polyp retraction, larval motility)

Type of study:

 Laboratory experiment

Experimental studies (i.e. the exposure was controlled by the researchers) conducted in laboratory conditions

 Field experiment

Experimental studies (i.e. the exposure was controlled by the researchers) conducted in the field

 Field survey

Observational field studies