Table 5 Total number of studies, experimental studies, and observational studies by exposure category. Vertical bars separate simultaneous exposure to several categories

Undefined pollutants

1986

(25%)

41

(1.1%)

1945

(47.5%)

Nutrient

2255

(28.4%)

1645

(42.8%)

610

(14.9%)

Eutrophication

168

(2.1%)

7

(0.2%)

161

(3.9%)

Metal

896

(11.3%)

497

(12.9%)

399

(9.8%)

Hydrocarbon

608

(7.7%)

401

(10.4%)

207

(5.1%)

Pesticide

416

(5.2%)

396

(10.3%)

20

(0.5%)

UV filter

209

(2.6%)

184

(4.8%)

25

(0.6%)

Microplastic

134

(1.7%)

132

(3.4%)

2

(0%)

Pharmaceutical

112

(1.4%)

112

(2.9%)

–

Dispersant

61

(0.8%)

61

(1.6%)

–

Detergent

21

(0.3%)

21

(0.5%)

–

Nanoparticle

15

(0.2%)

15

(0.4%)

–

Other

114

(1.4%)

102

(2.7%)

12

(0.3%)

Metal | Nutrient

290

(3.7%)

44

(1.1%)

246

(6%)

Metal | Pesticide

15

(0.2%)

15

(0.4%)

–

Metal | Hydrocarbon

15

(0.2%)

3

(0.1%)

12

(0.3%)

Metal | Other

5

(0.1%)

–

5

(0.1%)

Metal | Pharmaceutical

1

(0%)

1

(0%)

–

Hydrocarbon | Dispersant

166

(2.1%)

166

(4.3%)

–

Hydrocarbon | Other

90

(1.1%)

–

90

(2.2%)

Hydrocarbon | Nutrient

15

(0.2%)

1

(0%)

14

(0.3%)

Hydrocarbon | Pharmaceutical

1

(0%)

1

(0%)

–

Nutrient | Hydrocarbon | Metal

192

(2.4%)

–

192

(4.7%)

Pharmaceutical | Nutrient | Metal

19

(0.2%)

–

19

(0.5%)

Nutrient | Hydrocarbon | Other

6

(0.1%)

–

6

(0.1%)

Nutrient | Hydrocarbon | Pesticide

2

(0%)

–

2

(0%)

Hydrocarbon | Pesticide | Other

1

(0%)

–

1

(0%)

Nutrient | Hydrocarbon | Metal | Other

61

(0.8%)

–

61

(1.5%)

Hydrocarbon | Pesticide | Metal | Other

34

(0.4%)

–

34

(0.8%)

Nutrient | Pesticide | Detergent | Hydrocarbon

18

(0.2%)

–

18

(0.4%)

UV filter | Hydrocarbon | Pharmaceutical | Other

11

(0.1%)

–

11

(0.3%)

Total

7937

3845

4092