Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review

Table 3 Results of random forest models for each of the four stressor-response relationships

Risk of bias characteristic	TN benthic R-squared: 0.485	TN sestonic R-squared: 0.245	TP benthic R-squared: 0.161	TP sestonic R-squared: 0.186	Mean
Clarity and detail	0.149	0.113	0.123	0.082	0.117
Study timeframe	0.114	0.079	0.162	0.113	0.117
Uncertainty	0.089	0.116	0.137	0.095	0.109
Gradient definition	0.087	0.090	0.085	0.113	0.094
Reporting bias	0.092	0.109	0.077	0.090	0.092
Randomization	0.099	0.056	0.117	0.072	0.086
Confounding	0.093	0.101	0.057	0.089	0.085
Pairing nutrient response	0.086	0.068	0.049	0.122	0.081
Within site replicates	0.041	0.121	0.058	0.076	0.074
Sample replicates	0.073	0.050	0.099	0.037	0.065
Attrition bias	0.069	0.050	0.032	0.050	0.050
Detection bias	0.009	0.048	0.000	0.057	0.028
Research aim consistency	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.004	0.002

Values in cells represent normalized increase in mean square error (MSE) for each risk of bias characteristic in the model. Larger numbers correspond to risk of bias characteristics having greater importance in the corresponding model. Risk of bias characteristics are ordered by mean MSE across models

ISSN: 2047-2382