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Table 12 Number of studies documenting bird response to each deterrent type

From: Effects of artificial light on bird movement and distribution: a systematic map

Deterrent type

Number of studies using deterrent type to deter birds

Total number of studies documenting bird response to deterrent type

Laser

46

46

Flashing light

23

68

Spotlight

11

158

UV or near-UV light

7

9

Line markers

4

4

Pyrotechnic

1

1

  1. The first column shows the number of studies using each deterrent type to intentionally deter birds. The second column shows the number of studies documenting bird responses to each deterrent type with outcomes that could demonstrate deterrence, regardless of the purpose for which the study was conducted