Criteria | Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|---|
Population | All temperate perennial fruit trees of commercial interest (apple, pear, sweet cherry, peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, avocado, lemon, orange, grapefruit, mandarine, pomelo, grapevine) | Low-height shrubs |
Berry plants | ||
Other non-fruit horticulture | ||
Other non-temperate horticulture | ||
Interventions | Physical on-site treatments or devices that can be applied in anticipation, during or just after a frost event, like wind machines, sprinklers, foliar applications of chemicals, coverages, modified pruning | Management choices like income or crop diversification |
Crop breeding | ||
Genetic modifications | ||
Financial insurances | ||
Outcome | Measures of ambient temperature | Evolution of frost hazards or vulnerability through time and space |
Measures of damage on flowers, buds or fruitlets | ||
Evidence on post-harvest conditions | ||
Change in cold hardiness during dormancy | ||
Measures of production | ||
Advance/delay of phenological stages | ||
Comparators | Investigations of effectiveness against a control population or variants of the same treatment/device | Lack of comparators or other measures of success |
Model vs observation | ||
Climate zones | Temperate | Tropical |
Mediterranean | Subtropical | |
Cold climates | ||
Language | English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish | Any other language |
Type of publication | Peer-reviewed journal | Web page/blog |
Organisational report | Unpublished communication | |
Professional journal article | ||
Thesis | ||
Type of study | Field experiment | Literature review |
Greenhouse experiment | Mathematical model | |
Laboratory experiment | Risk assessment studies | |
Micro meteorological studies to explore the potential for an intervention to function without observations of the intervention itself (i.e. Inversion strength characterisations) |