Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for eligibility

Populations or subjects

Any non-native aquatic habitat to which guppy fish were introduced and established

Native aquatic habitats, which are defined as those located in Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and Tobago [1]

Intervention(s) or exposure(s)

Only anthropogenic exotic guppy fish introduction and their establishment

Introduction of non-guppy species, or non-anthropogenic guppy introduction, such as flooding

Comparator(s)

Studies reporting before and after guppy introductions; experimental intervention-control studies; observational presence-absence studies

Aquatic habitats to which other exotic fish have been introduced

Outcome

At least one of five different parameters, which reflect directly on faunal biodiversity impacts:

(1) Abundance of individuals of any species (number of individuals, number of individuals per unit effort (or CUE), or pooled biomass);

(2) Total abundance of individuals of all species present (number of individuals, number of individuals per unit effort (or CUE), or pooled biomass);

(3) Species richness (number of species);

(4) Species diversity (Shannon–Wiener or Simpson’s indices); and

(5) Community evenness (Pielou’s index)

Any qualitative/narrative syntheses or quantitative outcomes that are not defined in the inclusion criteria (e.g., nutrient levels, indirect habitat conditions, and non-faunal alterations)

Types of study design

All quantitative observational and experimental study designs which report complete primary quantitative data. Although meta-analysis, reviews, or maps will not be included in the list of sources, their references will be scanned and their primary sources will be included if they meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria

Qualitative/narrative syntheses

Book reviews

Websites and newspaper articles

Social Media content

Commentaries and opinion papers

Policy type documents

Protocols

Language

English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Japanese