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Agrosilviculture / Silvoarable
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Trees integrated in crop fields (multipurpose trees)
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Trees intercropped with annual or perennial crops; trees randomly or systematically planted in cropland for the purpose of providing fruit, fuel wood, timber, and other services
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Hedgerows, shelterbelts, and windbreak systems
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Trees as fences around plots and/or an extended windbreak of living trees and shrubs established and maintained to protect farmlands
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Alley-cropping systems
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Rows of trees with a companion crop grown in the alleyways between the rows
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Improved or rotational fallow
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Land resting system using trees and shrubs to replenish soil fertility and potentially yield economic benefits, in rotation with crops as in traditional shifting cultivation
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Riparian buffer strips
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Areas along rivers and streams planted with trees, shrubs, and grasses to protect water quality
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Silvopasture
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Trees/shrubs on pasture (multipurpose trees)
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Trees intercropped on pastures; trees randomly or systematically planted on pasture for the purpose of providing fruit, fuel wood, timber, and other services. Also used for forage/fodder and animal production
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Meadow orchards
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Orchards, including fruit orchards, olive groves, vineyards, and fruit-bearing shrubs, which are grazed or sown with pastures
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Hedgerows, shelterbelts, and windbreak systems
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Trees as fences around plots and/or an extended windbreak of living trees and shrubs established and maintained to protect farmlands and animals and/or provide fodder
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Agrosilvipasture
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Integrated production of animals (meat and dairy), crops, and wood/fuelwood
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Production of crops, animal/dairy, and wood products within the same land area, including around homesteads
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Forest Farming
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Forest farming
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Forested areas used for production or harvest of naturally standing specialty crops for medicinal, ornamental, or culinary uses
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Forest grazing
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Forested areas with the understory grazed as a means of providing forage for animal production
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Urban and Periurban
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Urban agroforests/ urban forest gardens
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Combining trees/shrubs with vegetable production usually associated with periurban or urban areas
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Agroforestry including insects/fish
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Entomoforestry
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Production combining trees and insects (e.g., bees for honey and trees)
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Aqua-silvo-fishery
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Trees lining fishponds, tree leaves being used as 'forage' for fish
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