Table 3 Eligibility criteria used in screening process

Inclusion

[P] Includes taxon

Must include at least one taxon as defined in 2 (a)

[P—context] Is in Arctic region

Sample location must intersect polygon as defined in 2 (b)

[E] Includes time in Holocene

Must include data from at least one year between 11,650yBP and 0yBP (1950AD)

[C] Includes second time in Holocene

Must include data from a second year (forming a time-series at a single location) between 11,650yBP and 0yBP (1950AD)

[O] Has biodiversity measure

Must include a measure of biodiversity for taxa at time-points

Exclusion

Is not proxy method

Exclude if not using proxy method as defined in 2(c)

Is experimental design

Exclude if based on an experimental study design only

Is oceanic

Exclude if location is in ocean (but include littoral locations)

Is space-for-time study

Exclude if space-for-time design (e.g., phylogeographical analysis, chronosequence)