Table 5 Socioeconomic outcomes typology (see Additional File 7 for detailed typology)
Category | Definition |
|---|---|
Economic well-being | This encompasses the living standards of basic life including both economic and material necessities Economic living standards: Income, employment, employment opportunities, wealth, poverty, savings Material living standards: Material assets owned, basic infrastructure (electricity, water, telecommunication and transportation), shelter, resource use (this can include sustainable use/harvest) |
Health | Any component of individual mental or physical health or access to health services |
Safety and security | Covers any component of physical security (threat to personal body and community sense of safety), and resilience and/or adaptive capacity to respond to changing environments and shocks |
Rights and empowerment | Structures and processes for decision-making that include both formal and informal rules and ability of individuals and groups to be heard and participate in formal and informal decision-making processes. Includes changes to de jure and de facto bundle of rights to land and resources and ability to exercise, as well as tenure, land, and carbon rights |
Education and skills | Includes both formal and information education and training outcomes as well as educational infrastructure. Includes changes in awareness of climate change and/or environmental issues |
Social capital | Includes measures of the networks of relationships among individuals and groups that live and work within a particular society and include relations to 'external' groups (such as foreign implementers) as well as the 'state' (formal government at various scales) |
Culture | Cultural, societal, and traditional values related to natural resources and nature to an individual, group, and/or community and traditional and Indigenous knowledge, activities, and practices |
Agricultural productivity | Agricultural productivity is typically measured in crop yield—the harvested production per unit of harvested area for crop products [67]. We also include measures of crop growth and survival in this category |