Fig. 8

Meta-analyses on different taxonomic levels for untreated Bt and non-Bt maize (all Bt proteins, red-flagged records excluded). For each taxon, the effect size estimate and the 95% confidence interval is given (negative effect sizes indicate lower populations in Bt compared with non-Bt maize and vice versa). Significant intervals (red) do not include 0. On the right side is the number of records (rec.), experiments (exp.), and articles (art.) included in each analysis. Het indicates significant (P < 0.05) heterogeneity. See Additional file 7: Table S7.1 for details