Table 3 Description of the disease control intervention and management strategies applied in the studies included in the systematic map
Intervention/management | Description |
|---|---|
Biological control | Studies including any approved biological control agent (for use in the EU) for disease control. Includes tests with different spraying rates and times and comparisons between different biological control agents |
Crop rotation | Use of crop rotation for disease control management |
Cultivar resistance | Assessment of different oilseed rape cultivars for resistance to diseases |
Defence elicitor | Use of any kind of plant defence elicitors that can induce host defence responses against a plant disease (β-aminobutyric acid, cis-jasmone, chitinosan, acibenzolar-S-methyl, etc.) |
Defoliation | Use of mechanical defoliation of infected leaves as a disease control management to reduce the disease inoculum on plants and the potential for disease dispersal |
Degree of soil infestation | Test of different levels of disease inoculum in the soil to evaluate the effects on disease development |
Distance to inoculum | Analysis of disease development dependent on the distance between infested fields (inoculum source) and fields with no disease to evaluate the wind dispersal of inoculum between fields |
Harvest techniques | Use of different harvest techniques (swathing versus straight combining) at different harvest dates to assess seed infection |
Pesticides | Use of approved pesticides (for use in the EU) for disease control, including fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. Includes tests with different spraying rates and times, the type of adjuvant, the nozzle type used for applying the pesticide, and comparisons between different pesticides |
Plant density | Use of different plant densities to assess the disease incidence in the field |
Seeding depth | Use of different seed depths to assess the effect on crop performance in diseased plants |
Seed size | Use of different seed sizes to assess the effect on crop performance in diseased plants |
Soil amendments | Studies including any kind of fertilizers and soil amendments for disease control (nitrogen, boron, calcium, wood ash, etc.). Includes tests with different application rates and times of application |
Stubble management | Any type of crop residue management used to reduce disease incidence |