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Fig. 11 | Environmental Evidence

Fig. 11

From: Strategies for managing spring frost risks in orchards: effectiveness and conditionality—a systematic review

Fig. 11

Effectiveness of intervention classes by risk of bias and outcome variables: a the reduction in % damaged flowers and buds, b the delay of budding or flowering in days, c the maximum reported increase in ambient temperature in °C and d the difference in yields expressed as the natural logarithm of the ratio of the yield under the intervention and control. Bigger sized symbols represent the mean per Risk of Bias class. Black diamonds represent the mean over all data points. Effect size quantities are indicated by ‘k’ and the number of individual articles by ‘n’

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