PICO | Definition | Description |
---|---|---|
Population 1 Population 2 | Populations of subject(s) which are relevant to the review question. | 1: Bird species and species at risk within urban areas 2: The urban forest, which consists of all trees, woody species in parks, streetscapes, private land, vacant lots, or other urban green spaces. |
Intervention | Variables which impact the populations or to which the populations are exposed | Conservation, management, implementation, recommendations, or intervention strategies that promote species (avian, forest, at risk) success in the urban landscape |
Comparator | What the intervention is compared to. | The absence of intervention between sites and/or across time or comparison. No studies will be excluded based on the presence or absence of a comparator. |
Outcome | Consequences of the intervention. All relevant variables that can be reliably measured or synthesized. | 1: Measure of change in biological outcomes at three levels: (1) population (trends and patterns), (2) community (species richness, diversity) and (3) individual (abundance, fecundity, survival/mortality). 2: Measure of change in carbon storage or sequestration. Improved mitigation of climate change impacts due to urban forest management interventions and tree planting decisions. |