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Table 1 List of eligibility criteria at title screening

From: What evidence exists regarding the effects of photovoltaic panels on biodiversity? A critical systematic map protocol

Include

Exclude

Populations

Populations

 All wild terrestrial and semi-aquatic species found globally (i.e. animals, plants, fungi, microorganisms living fully or partially in natural/semi-natural terrestrial habitats and ecosystems)

 Humans

 Domesticated or cultivated species

 All natural/semi-natural habitats and ecosystems

 Strictly aquatic or marine species (microalgae, fishes)

Exposures/interventions

Exposures/interventions

 All technologies of photovoltaic and solar thermal (PVST) panels (e.g. monocrystalline, CdTe) whatever their configurations (i.e. on roofs, ground, or water)

 Studies only on Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

 Real or simulated PVST panels

 The lifecycle of PVST panels (i.e. material extraction, production and recycling phases)

 All scales of PVST installations whether it be cells, panels, arrays, or wider utility-scale facilities

 The whole lifecycle of utility-scale PVST facilities (i.e. construction, operation and dismantlement phases)

Outcomes

Outcomes

 All outcomes related to the studied population (e.g. mortality, diversity, abundance, growth, distribution, physiology, reproduction, mobility, morphology, behaviour, habitat alteration, habitat connectivity, etc.)

 All abiotic parameters related to the studied natural/semi-natural habitat or ecosystem