Fig. 10

Cumulative distribution of toxicity threshold (TT) concentrations (µg/L) for all exposure belonging to the categories: a Metal (30 TTs), b Hydrocarbon (28 TTs), c Pesticide (24 TTs), and d UV filter (7 TTs). Point colours and types indicate the corresponding exposure (with total number of TTs indicated in brackets) and outcome, respectively. TTs based on studies with an overall low risk of bias are indicated by filled points, and those corresponding to high temperature or low pH conditions have this information indicated in brackets. On the left of each point is indicated the exposure with the index number given to each set of study cases (effect size estimates) used to determine the toxicity threshold (Additional file 5, “Cases quantitative synthesis” and “Toxicity thresholds” sheets). Nominal exposure concentrations are given here, unless only the effective concentration was available