Table 7 Typology of NBS interventions.
Category | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
System restoration, enhancement, or rehabilitation | Intervention restoring, enhancing, or rehabilitating natural habitat or systems and associated services | Restoration; habitat enhancement; rehabilitation; repopulation; these are for when a habitat currently exists that is improved upon or expanded; code as creation if it is a new system |
System creation | Intervention creating system in place of a naturally occurring one | Creation of salt marsh on urban shoreline; creation of oyster reef on mud flats |
Structure addition of human origin (artificial) | Intervention adding artificial, engineered, or designed structure to an existing ecosystem | Reef modules; reef ball; reef dome; mini domes; oyster ball; oyster catcher; oyster castle; biorock; artificial seagrass |
Structure addition of natural origin | Intervention adding structure of natural origin (even if from a non-coastal ecosystem) to an existing ecosystem | Rock; oyster cultch; marsh mat; marsh mattress; marsh pillow; marsh blanket; biodegradable element; coir mats; logs; trees; rock sill |
Structure addition of hybrid origin (both artificial and natural) | Intervention adding structure of mixed natural and human origin to an existing ecosystem | Gabion basket; shade net; biorock; shell bag; oyster bag; concrete/lattice marsh mattresses |
Retrofitting or removing gray infrastructure | Intervention retrofitting, modifying, or removing gray infrastructure | Retrofitting, modifying, or removing: culvert, seawall, bulkhead, berm, dike, levee, tide gate |
Sediment stabilization, removal, or placement | Interventions stabilizing, removing, or placing sediment in a system | Sediment stabilization; sediment trapping; sediment or fill removal; beneficial use; beneficial reuse; thin-layer placement or application |
Morphology modification | Interventions modifying the morphology of a system through changing the topography or morphology | Grading; regrading; terracing; platforming; island building |
Invasive species modification | Interventions involving modification of invasive species through removal or addition | Invasive species removal; invasive species addition |